Miguel Kast

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Kast and the second or maternal family name is Rist.

Miguel Kast
President of the Central Bank of Chile
In office 23 April 1982 – 2 September 1982
President	Augusto Pinochet
Preceded by	Sergio de la Cuadra
Succeeded by	Carlos Cáceres Contreras
Ministry of Labor
In office 29 December 1980 – 2 September 1982
President	Augusto Pinochet
Preceded by	José Piñera
Succeeded by	Máximo Silva Bafalluy
Head Ministry of the National Office of Planification
In office 26 December 1978 – 29 December 1980
President	Augusto Pinochet
Preceded by	Roberto Kelly Vásquez
Succeeded by	Álvaro Donoso Barros
Personal details
Born	(1948-12-18)18 December 1948 Oberstaufen, Allied-occupied Germany
Died	18 September 1983(1983-09-18) (aged 34) Santiago, Chile
Political party	Christian Democratic Party (1960s)
Children	Pablo (1973−) Felipe (1977−)
Relatives	Michael Kast (father) José Antonio Kast (brother)
Alma mater	Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (BA) University of Chicago (MA)
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Economist
Academic career
School or tradition	Chicago School (Chicago Boys)
Influences	Milton Friedman

Michael Kast Rist (18 December 1948 – 18 September 1983), commonly known as Miguel Kast, was a German economist of the Chicago Boys group. He served as Minister of State and President of the Central Bank under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In his youth, he was a member of the Christian Democratic Party.

Early life

Kast was born to Michael Kast, a German lieutenant and Nazi who fled to Chile from Germany in 1950 after escaping American custody, and Olga Rist, whom his father had met in Bavaria while on the run.

Political career

Upon getting his master's degree in economics at the University of Chicago, Kast joined Odeplan (1973), the state agency that led many public policy and economic changes after 1973. At Odeplan, Kast focused most of his energies on creating the "map of extreme poverty", which would become the cornerstone of Chile's social development programs. In 1978 he became the head of Odeplan and used his position to involve young professionals in the struggle against poverty by making them join Odeplan and by sending them to the country's outer regions to get insight into the real problems affecting Chile.

In 1980, Kast became Labor Minister under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In April 1982, aged 33, he became President of the Central Bank of Chile. This was a complicated moment in Chile's economy; the exchange rate was fixed at 39 pesos per dollar and Chile's large economic groups had liabilities with their own banks. As a central banker, he worked to reduce the level of related loans, which were loans made to the owners of the banks. He created a mechanism called the "Portfolio Sale" through which the Central Bank could buy high risk credits to commercial banks. By keeping a fixed exchange rate of 39 pesos per dollar, Kast hoped to protect local companies that had liabilities in dollars. However, the central authority saw otherwise. On 13 June 1982, the peso was devalued, which created a loss of international reserves. Kast decided in August 1982 to completely free the exchange rate, further devaluing the peso and bringing new intervention from the central authority. Under this new threat of instability, Kast resigned from the Central Bank on 2 September.

Kast left government life in late 1982 and dedicated himself to the business world and his professorship at Chile's Pontifical Catholic University. Around this time, he began to feel unwell, developing signs of physical weakness and a pale appearance. In January 1983 he was diagnosed with bone cancer, which claimed his life on 18 September 1983. He was 34 years old.

Family

Kast's sons, Felipe and Pablo Kast, as well as Kast's younger brother, José Antonio, are all active in political life.